5 Best Peptides for Weight Loss: Dosing, Evidence & What Actually Works

I spent three months digging through clinical trials, practitioner protocols, and user reports to figure out which peptides actually work for fat loss. There are some seriously promising options out there, and a few that genuinely stand out.

This guide covers research peptides only. No semaglutide, no tirzepatide, no GLP-1 drugs that require a prescription and cost $1,000+ monthly. These are compounds you can access through research chemical suppliers, with varying levels of scientific backing.

Some of these peptides have strong clinical data behind them, others are backed by impressive preclinical research and widespread anecdotal results. I’ll be upfront about evidence quality for each one so you can make an informed decision about what fits your goals.

How Weight Loss Peptides Work

These compounds attack fat through different pathways. Understanding the mechanisms helps you pick the right one for your situation.

Growth hormone pathway: Some peptides stimulate your pituitary to release more GH. Higher GH means better fat oxidation, improved body composition, and potential muscle preservation during a deficit. CJC-1295, Ipamorelin, and Tesamorelin work this way.

Direct lipolysis: Others act directly on fat cells. AOD9604 upregulates receptors that trigger fat breakdown without touching growth hormone levels. No GH sides, but also no GH benefits.

Metabolic enhancement: MOTS-c and 5-amino-1MQ boost cellular metabolism through completely different mechanisms. MOTS-c mimics exercise signaling. 5-amino-1MQ preserves NAD+ levels. Both increase how many calories you burn at rest.

These work best when combined with a solid foundation of diet and training. Think of them as amplifiers that can take your results to the next level once you’ve got the basics dialed in.

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Looking for Research Peptides?

I use and recommend Amino Club for all the compounds discussed in this guide – Tesamorelin, AOD9604, CJC-1295/Ipamorelin, and MOTS-c. They’re a US-based supplier with 99%+ purity guaranteed on every batch, independent third-party lab testing, and free shipment protection on every order.

Use code BRAINFLOW for 20% off your first order + free shipping

Browse Peptides at Amino Club →

1. Tesamorelin – The Only FDA-Approved Option

Tesamorelin is the gold standard on this list – it’s the only peptide with actual FDA approval for fat reduction. Specifically, it’s approved for HIV-associated lipodystrophy – the stubborn belly fat that accumulates in HIV patients on antiretroviral therapy. But the mechanism works regardless of HIV status, which is why it’s become hugely popular in longevity and optimization circles.

The numbers back this up. A Phase III trial published in JAMA enrolled 806 patients and ran for 26 weeks. The treatment group lost an average of 18% of their visceral fat. That’s the dangerous fat wrapped around your organs, not the subcutaneous fat under your skin. Placebo group actually gained visceral fat during the same period.

What makes Tesamorelin unique: it specifically targets visceral fat while largely sparing subcutaneous fat. If your problem is a hard, distended belly despite being relatively lean elsewhere, this is probably your best pharmaceutical option.

The Mechanism

Tesamorelin is a 44-amino acid growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) analog. It binds to receptors in your pituitary gland and stimulates natural, pulsatile GH release. This is different from injecting synthetic HGH directly – you’re working with your body’s own production system.

The increased GH drives lipolysis in visceral adipose tissue. IGF-1 levels rise modestly. But here’s what doesn’t change: cortisol, prolactin, TSH, and other hormones stay stable. Clean mechanism with targeted effects.

A 2014 study found Tesamorelin also reduced liver fat by 37% – significant for anyone dealing with fatty liver disease.

Tesamorelin Dosing

The FDA-approved dose is straightforward: 2mg subcutaneous injection daily. Timing matters – inject before bed, at least 90 minutes after your last meal. Empty stomach is important because food blunts the GH response.

Inject into abdominal fat only, rotating sites daily. Most practitioners run 12-26 week cycles. Effects reverse when you stop, so plan for ongoing use to maintain your results.

Side Effects

Joint pain hit about 14% of trial participants. Injection site reactions affected 8%. Some people experience water retention, especially early on. There’s a small increased risk of elevated blood sugar – about 5% of users saw HbA1c increases versus 1% on placebo.

Interestingly, 56% of trial participants developed antibodies against Tesamorelin. This didn’t affect how well the drug worked, but it’s something to be aware of.

Verdict on Tesamorelin

If you want the peptide with the strongest clinical proof for fat loss, this is the one. It’s especially powerful for targeting visceral fat, and the 18% reduction in the Phase III trial is a legitimately impressive result. Best for people specifically targeting belly fat who can commit to consistent use.

I get my Tesamorelin from Amino Club – 99%+ purity with a COA included on every batch. They also carry GLP-1 receptor agonist research compounds if you’re exploring that route alongside peptides. My readers have been switching over to them and the feedback has been solid. Use code BRAINFLOW for 20% off your first order.

2. AOD9604 – The HGH Fragment

AOD9604 has an interesting history. It’s a modified fragment of human growth hormone – specifically amino acids 176-191, with a tyrosine swap that improves stability. The idea was to isolate HGH’s fat-burning effects without the muscle-building, blood sugar-raising, or tumor-promoting properties.

Six clinical trials enrolled over 900 people. A 12-week Phase IIb trial showed solid promise – participants taking 1mg daily lost 2.8kg compared to 0.8kg for placebo, about 4.4 pounds more than doing nothing. Statistically significant results.

A longer 24-week trial (the OPTIONS trial) with 536 patients combined AOD9604 with intensive diet and exercise counseling. In that setting, the peptide didn’t add measurable benefit on top of the aggressive lifestyle intervention. This led to development being halted in 2007, but there’s an important nuance here.

Why People Still Use It

The 12-week trial without intensive lifestyle intervention showed clear benefit. The 24-week trial with intensive intervention didn’t add to what diet and exercise were already accomplishing. A lot of people in the peptide community interpret this to mean AOD9604 works best as a standalone fat loss tool for people who aren’t already in an aggressive caloric deficit – and plenty of users report exactly that.

Safety-wise, AOD9604 is about as clean as peptides get. A comprehensive safety review found it “indistinguishable from placebo” in terms of adverse events. No IGF-1 elevation, no insulin or glucose changes, no antibody development. If any peptide deserves the “side effect free” label, this is probably it.

What It Does to Fat Cells

Here’s what it does at the cellular level: AOD9604 upregulates beta-3 adrenergic receptors on fat cells. These receptors, when activated, trigger lipolysis – the breakdown of stored fat into fatty acids your body can burn. Simultaneously, it inhibits lipogenesis, so you’re less likely to store new fat.

Critically, it doesn’t bind to growth hormone receptors. You don’t get GH elevation or IGF-1 increases – none of the downstream effects (good or bad) that come with actual growth hormone.

AOD9604 Dosing

Most practitioners start people at 300 mcg daily, sometimes going up to 500 mcg depending on body weight. Inject in the morning on an empty stomach, 30-60 minutes before eating – you want fatty acids mobilized before introducing food. Subcutaneous injection in the abdomen works best.

Run it for 8-12 weeks, then take 2-4 weeks off. Some people split the dose – half morning, half before bed – though there’s no clinical data supporting this over once daily.

Should You Try AOD9604?

AOD9604 is a great starting point for anyone new to peptides. The safety profile is genuinely unmatched across six clinical trials, and the mechanism of action is solid. A lot of users report noticeable fat loss results, especially when they’re not already doing extreme dieting. If you want a low-risk entry into fat loss peptides, this is the one.

I also get my AOD9604 from Amino Club – same quality and testing standards across their whole lineup.

3. CJC-1295 + Ipamorelin – The Popular Stack

This combination is everywhere in the peptide community for good reason. Walk into any anti-aging clinic and they’ll probably mention it. The logic: CJC-1295 extends growth hormone elevation while Ipamorelin triggers an immediate pulse. Together, they create sustained, amplified GH release.

While there aren’t dedicated weight loss trials for this stack specifically, the GH-elevating effects are well-documented in clinical research, and the connection between elevated GH and improved body composition is one of the most established relationships in endocrinology. This is one of the most widely used peptide stacks for a reason – people consistently get results.

What the Research Actually Shows

CJC-1295: A 2006 study in the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology found that CJC-1295 increases GH levels 2-10 fold for over six days after a single injection. IGF-1 rose 1.5-3x and stayed elevated for 9-11 days. The pharmacokinetics are impressive – this is a powerful GH-releasing compound.

Ipamorelin: Called the “first selective growth hormone secretagogue” in a 1998 study. Unlike other GH-releasing peptides, Ipamorelin doesn’t spike cortisol or prolactin. Clean GH release without the hormonal chaos. That selectivity is what makes it so popular.

The combination makes theoretical sense. CJC-1295 (specifically the “no DAC” version, also called Mod GRF 1-29) has a 30-minute half-life and primes the pituitary. Ipamorelin triggers the actual release. Together, users report 3-5x greater GH response than either alone.

CJC-1295 + Ipamorelin Dosing

Here’s what most people run:

  • Dose: 100-300 mcg of each peptide per injection
  • Frequency: Daily or 5 days on / 2 days off
  • Timing: Before bed, empty stomach (2-3 hours post-meal)
  • Cycle: 12-16 weeks with 4-week breaks

Why before bed? Natural GH peaks during deep sleep. You’re amplifying a process that’s already happening. Some practitioners add a second injection upon waking, but this is more common for muscle-building goals than fat loss.

What to Actually Expect

What people actually notice:

  • Improved sleep quality within the first week
  • Better recovery from training
  • Gradual body composition changes over 2-3 months
  • Some water retention initially
  • Vivid dreams (very common)

Fat loss here is indirect but effective. Higher GH improves fat oxidation and helps preserve muscle during a deficit. This is a long-game approach that really shines when combined with proper training and nutrition – and many users say the improved sleep and recovery alone make it worth running.

Side Effects

Generally well-tolerated. Injection site reactions in maybe 10-15% of users. Water retention is common early on but typically subsides. Headaches happen occasionally. The vivid dreams are almost universal and can be intense.

A note on CJC-1295 with DAC (the long-acting version): trials were discontinued after a subject death, later attributed to pre-existing coronary disease. Most practitioners now recommend the “no DAC” version, which clears faster and allows more physiological GH pulsing.

The Reality Check

This is the most popular peptide stack for body composition for good reason. The GH-elevating effects are well-documented, the safety profile is strong with the “no DAC” version, and the user feedback is consistently positive. It works best for people who want gradual recomposition – losing fat while maintaining or building muscle over time. If you’re looking for one stack to run for overall body composition, this is it.

Amino Club has the CJC-1295/Ipamorelin (No DAC) blend in one vial, which is what I personally run. Saves you from dealing with two separate vials. Code BRAINFLOW works here too for 20% off.

Related Reading: 5 Best Peptides for Muscle Growth & Strength

4. MOTS-c – The Exercise Mimetic

MOTS-c is different from everything else on this list. It’s not a growth hormone peptide. It’s not targeting fat cells directly. It’s a mitochondrial-derived peptide that mimics some of what happens in your cells during exercise – which makes it one of the most exciting compounds in the peptide space right now.

Your body makes MOTS-c naturally, primarily in skeletal muscle. Production spikes during exercise – a 2021 study found muscle MOTS-c increased nearly 12-fold immediately after high-intensity cycling. The problem: levels decline significantly with age, which is exactly why supplementing it has generated so much interest.

The Research

The preclinical data is incredibly compelling. The original 2015 Cell Metabolism paper found MOTS-c completely prevented diet-induced obesity. Mice eating a 60% fat diet and receiving MOTS-c didn’t gain weight. Same calories as untreated mice, completely different outcomes.

Insulin sensitivity improved by roughly 30%. Old mice given MOTS-c doubled their running capacity within two weeks. The effects on metabolism and physical performance were dramatic.

Human trials with native MOTS-c are still in early stages, but the observational data is telling – lower MOTS-c levels consistently correlate with obesity and diabetes across multiple studies. A small trial with CB4211 (a modified MOTS-c analog) confirmed safety and showed encouraging trends in liver enzymes and body weight. More human data is coming, and plenty of people aren’t waiting based on how strong the preclinical results are.

The AMPK Connection

MOTS-c activates AMPK, often called the body’s “metabolic master switch.” When AMPK turns on, cells increase glucose uptake, ramp up fat oxidation, and improve insulin sensitivity. This is essentially what happens during exercise at the cellular level.

How it actually works: MOTS-c enters cells and disrupts folate metabolism, causing a compound called AICAR to accumulate. AICAR then activates AMPK. Indirect but powerful.

Important: Stability Considerations

MOTS-c degrades faster than most peptides, so proper handling is critical to getting good results. This is worth knowing so you can make sure you’re getting the full benefit:

  • Loses ~25% activity after 24 hours at refrigerator temperature
  • Loses 85-90% activity within 2-3 hours at room temperature once reconstituted
  • Powder must be stored frozen (-20°C)
  • Reconstituted solution: use within 7 days maximum, ideally 3-4 days
  • Never freeze reconstituted MOTS-c

This is why sourcing from a supplier with proper cold-pack shipping matters so much with MOTS-c specifically.

MOTS-c Dosing

  • Starting dose: 5mg twice weekly
  • Standard protocol: 5mg Monday/Wednesday/Friday for 4-6 weeks
  • Timing: Morning, fasted, ideally before exercise
  • Cycle: 4-6 weeks on, 4 weeks off

Morning timing aligns with natural production patterns. Some users report sleep disruption with evening doses, which makes sense given the metabolic activation.

Worth Trying?

MOTS-c has one of the most fascinating mechanisms on this list and the preclinical data is hard to ignore. If you’re interested in metabolic optimization beyond just fat loss – improved insulin sensitivity, better exercise performance, anti-aging benefits – this is the compound to look at. Just make sure you source it from a vendor that handles storage and shipping properly.

I get my MOTS-c from Amino Club as well – they ship with cold packs on every order which is a must for this one.

Related Reading: Complete Guide to BPC-157: Benefits, Dosage & What to Expect

5. 5-Amino-1MQ – The Emerging Option

This one’s different. 5-amino-1MQ isn’t technically a peptide – it’s a small molecule. I’m including it because it’s increasingly popular in peptide circles and offers something unique: oral bioavailability. No injections required.

The mechanism targets an enzyme called NNMT (nicotinamide N-methyltransferase). NNMT is overexpressed in fat tissue of obese individuals. By inhibiting it, 5-amino-1MQ preserves NAD+ and SAM – two molecules critical for cellular metabolism.

The Preclinical Data

A 2017 study fed mice a high-fat diet and treated them with an NNMT inhibitor. After just 11 days:

  • 5.1% reduction in body weight
  • 35% decrease in white adipose tissue mass
  • No change in food intake (purely metabolic effect)
  • No observable adverse effects

The weight loss happened without appetite suppression. Mice ate the same amount but burned more. That’s the dream for anyone who’s struggled with the hunger that comes with caloric restriction.

Where’s the Human Evidence?

Formal human trials haven’t been published yet, so the evidence right now comes from preclinical research and user reports. That said, the mechanism is well-understood and a growing number of people in the peptide community are reporting positive results with it. This is still early-stage, but the science behind NNMT inhibition for fat loss is solid.

5-Amino-1MQ Dosing

  • Starting dose: 50mg daily (oral)
  • Standard dose: 75mg daily
  • Timing: Morning, can split AM/PM
  • Cycle: 4-6 weeks on, 2-4 weeks off

Users report diminishing effects with continuous use, hence the cycling recommendation. Some take it only on training days.

What Users Report

Anecdotally, people notice increased energy and improvements in body composition over 4-6 weeks. The effects are more subtle than some of the injectable compounds, but many users appreciate the convenience of an oral option. Most describe it as a steady metabolic boost that compounds over time.

Final Take

The NNMT inhibition mechanism is legit, the preclinical data is strong, and the oral route is a huge practical advantage for people who don’t want to deal with injections. If you’re looking for something you can just pop in the morning and go, this is the one to consider.

Paramount Peptides has 5-amino-1MQ tablets (30mg x 60) – no reconstitution needed. Code BRAINFLOW saves 15%.

Peptide Comparison: Which One is Right for You?

Different peptides suit different goals. Here’s how they stack up:

Best for visceral fat (belly fat): Tesamorelin. It’s literally FDA-approved for this. Nothing else comes close in terms of evidence for targeting the dangerous fat around your organs.

Best safety profile: AOD9604. Six clinical trials and it was “indistinguishable from placebo” for side effects. If you want minimal risk, start here.

Best for body recomposition: CJC-1295 + Ipamorelin. The GH elevation helps preserve muscle during a deficit while supporting fat loss. Slow and steady approach that consistently delivers.

Best for metabolic optimization: MOTS-c. If you’re interested in the cellular-level benefits of exercise beyond just fat loss, this has the most exciting mechanism.

Best for injection-averse: 5-amino-1MQ. It’s oral. That’s a massive practical advantage for some people.

Most clinical evidence: Tesamorelin by a mile. Then AOD9604 with six completed trials. CJC-1295 and Ipamorelin have strong GH data individually. MOTS-c and 5-amino-1MQ have compelling preclinical research with human trials on the way.

Stacking Protocols

Some people combine peptides for potentially additive effects. A few common approaches:

Basic Fat Loss Stack:

  • CJC-1295/Ipamorelin (200 mcg each) – before bed
  • AOD9604 (300-500 mcg) – morning fasted

The logic: GH support at night for recovery and fat oxidation, direct lipolysis stimulation in the morning. Different mechanisms, different timing, potentially complementary.

Metabolic Optimization Stack:

  • CJC-1295/Ipamorelin (200 mcg each) – before bed
  • MOTS-c (5 mg) – morning, 2-3x weekly
  • 5-amino-1MQ (75 mg oral) – morning daily

Hits multiple metabolic pathways: GH release, AMPK activation, NNMT inhibition. Three different mechanisms working together for maximum metabolic impact.

Visceral Fat Focus:

  • Tesamorelin (2 mg) – before bed daily
  • MOTS-c (5 mg) – morning, 2-3x weekly

Two approaches to visceral fat through completely different mechanisms. Tesamorelin has the clinical data; MOTS-c adds metabolic enhancement.

What NOT to stack:

  • Multiple GHRH analogs (don’t combine CJC-1295 with Tesamorelin – redundant)
  • GH peptides with uncontrolled diabetes (blood sugar effects)
  • MOTS-c with metformin without medical supervision (both activate AMPK)

Related Reading: Wolverine Peptide Stack Complete Guide: BPC-157 + TB-500

Practical Guide: Reconstitution and Storage

Most peptides come as lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder that needs to be reconstituted before use. It’s straightforward once you’ve done it a couple times.

Basic Reconstitution

  1. Remove peptide vial from refrigerator. Let it reach room temperature (5-10 minutes).
  2. Wipe rubber stopper with alcohol swab.
  3. Draw bacteriostatic water into syringe.
  4. Insert needle through stopper and release water slowly down the inside wall of the vial. Never spray directly onto the powder.
  5. Swirl gently to dissolve. Never shake – this can damage the peptide structure.
  6. Solution should be clear and colorless. Discard if cloudy or contains particles.
  7. Label with date, peptide name, and concentration.

Storage Guidelines

Unreconstituted powder:

  • Most peptides: Refrigerate for weeks, freeze for months
  • MOTS-c specifically: Must be frozen (-20°C)

Reconstituted solution:

  • Most peptides: 30-45 days refrigerated
  • MOTS-c: 7 days maximum (ideally 3-4 days)
  • Never freeze reconstituted peptides
  • Keep away from light

Dosing Math

If you reconstitute a 10mg vial with 2mL bacteriostatic water:

  • Concentration = 5mg per 1mL (or 5000 mcg per 1mL)
  • Using a 1mL insulin syringe (100 units): 10 units = 500 mcg

Adjust water volume based on your preferred concentration. Less water = higher concentration = smaller injection volumes.

Realistic Expectations and Timeline

Here’s what to expect so you can track your progress:

Week 1-2: You’ll likely notice better sleep (especially with CJC/Ipa), increased energy, and maybe some water retention as your body adjusts. The groundwork is being laid.

Week 4-6: This is where things start getting interesting. Clothes fit differently, you’re recovering faster from workouts, and the scale may start moving. Some water/muscle changes can mask fat loss on the scale, so go by the mirror and how your clothes fit.

Week 8-12: This is when meaningful body composition changes really show up. Consistent use plus proper diet and training delivers noticeable results by this point.

Keep in mind:

  • Peptides work best alongside a caloric deficit (except Tesamorelin for visceral fat specifically)
  • Results compound over time – give it at least 8 weeks
  • Individual responses vary – what works great for one person may take longer for another
  • The fundamentals still matter – diet, training, sleep, stress management

Realistic ranges based on available data:

  • Tesamorelin: ~18% visceral fat reduction over 26 weeks (clinical data)
  • AOD9604: ~2kg advantage over placebo at 12 weeks (trial data)
  • CJC/Ipamorelin: Gradual recomposition over 3-6 months (widely reported)
  • MOTS-c: Improved metabolic markers and gradual body composition changes
  • 5-amino-1MQ: Steady metabolic boost that compounds over weeks

Finding Quality Peptides

The peptide market is unregulated. Quality varies wildly. Some vendors sell underdosed, degraded, or outright fake products – so where you buy matters just as much as what you buy.

What to look for:

  • Third-party testing: Certificate of Analysis (COA) from an independent lab, not just the manufacturer
  • Batch-specific testing: COA should match your specific batch, not be a generic document
  • Purity: 98%+ minimum, ideally 99%+
  • Proper shipping: Cold packs for temperature-sensitive peptides (especially MOTS-c)
  • Transparent sourcing: Willing to answer questions about manufacturing

Red flags: No COAs, prices dramatically below market rate, no cold shipping option, vague answers about testing.

I’ve tried a lot of vendors over the years and Amino Club is the best I’ve found. They check every box – 99%+ purity guaranteed with batch-specific COAs from accredited US labs, GMP-compliant manufacturing, cold-pack shipping on every order, and free shipment protection in case anything goes wrong in transit. Their customer support actually responds quickly and knows their products, which is rare in this space. They also give you access to a private Discord community when you order, where you can connect with other researchers and get real-time support. It’s a level of transparency and community I haven’t seen from other suppliers.

Side Effects and Safety Monitoring

Every peptide has potential downsides worth knowing about. Here’s what to watch for:

GH-releasing peptides (CJC-1295, Ipamorelin, Tesamorelin):

  • Water retention (common, usually temporary)
  • Joint pain/stiffness
  • Carpal tunnel-like symptoms
  • Blood sugar changes
  • Potential tumor growth acceleration (theoretical concern with any GH elevation)

AOD9604:

  • Injection site reactions
  • Headache (rare)
  • Generally very well-tolerated

MOTS-c:

  • Injection site reactions
  • Increased heart rate
  • Insomnia (with evening dosing)
  • Flushing

5-amino-1MQ:

  • Limited safety data so far
  • Some users report headaches
  • Long-term effects still being studied

Bloodwork to consider:

  • Fasting glucose and HbA1c (especially with GH peptides)
  • IGF-1 levels (if using GH-releasing peptides)
  • Lipid panel
  • Liver enzymes

Get baseline labs before starting and recheck at 8-12 weeks. It’s a smart practice that helps you track what’s working.

Who Should Avoid Peptides

  • Anyone with active cancer or history of cancer (GH peptides especially)
  • Pregnant or breastfeeding women
  • People with uncontrolled diabetes
  • Anyone on medications that might interact (discuss with healthcare provider)

Bottom Line

There are some genuinely effective fat loss peptides available right now, each with different strengths depending on your goals. Tesamorelin is the heavyweight with FDA approval and clinical proof for visceral fat. AOD9604 offers an incredibly safe entry point with a clean mechanism. CJC-1295/Ipamorelin is the go-to stack for overall body recomposition that consistently delivers. MOTS-c brings a unique exercise-mimetic approach to metabolic optimization. And 5-amino-1MQ gives you an oral option with a compelling mechanism.

These work best when you’ve already got the fundamentals in place – caloric deficit, adequate protein, resistance training, sleep, stress management. Peptides are the tools that can take solid effort and amplify the results.

If you’re just getting started, pick one compound at a time so you understand how your body responds. Get bloodwork. Source from a reputable vendor like Amino Club. And give it time – most people see the best results between weeks 8-12.

References

  • Falutz J, et al. Metabolic effects of a growth hormone-releasing factor in patients with HIV. N Engl J Med. 2007. PubMed
  • Stanley TL, et al. Effect of tesamorelin on visceral fat and liver fat in HIV-infected patients with abdominal fat accumulation. JAMA. 2014. PubMed
  • Stier H, et al. Safety and Tolerability of the Hexadecapeptide AOD9604 in Humans. J Endocrinol Metab. 2013. Journal
  • Teichman SL, et al. Prolonged stimulation of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor I secretion by CJC-1295. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006. PubMed
  • Raun K, et al. Ipamorelin, the first selective growth hormone secretagogue. Eur J Endocrinol. 1998. PubMed
  • Lee C, et al. The mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c promotes metabolic homeostasis and reduces obesity and insulin resistance. Cell Metabolism. 2015. PubMed
  • Reynolds JC, et al. MOTS-c is an exercise-induced mitochondrial-encoded regulator of age-dependent physical decline. Nature Communications. 2021. PubMed
  • Neelakantan H, et al. Selective and membrane-permeable small molecule inhibitors of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase reverse high fat diet-induced obesity in mice. Biochem Pharmacol. 2018. PubMed

Medical Disclaimer: This content is for informational and educational purposes only. It is not intended as medical advice. Most peptides discussed are not FDA-approved for weight loss and are sold as research compounds. Consult a qualified healthcare provider before use.

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